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Ruth

First Testament

Second Testament

Ruth
1 2 3 4
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Excerpt

The contents of this Book are too well known to need a detailed description. Elimelech, a native of Bethlehem in Judah, in the days of the Judges, goes with his wife, Naomi, and his two sons, Mahlon and Chilion, to sojourn in Moab. He dies there; and his two sons marry Moabitish wives, Orpah and Ruth respectively. After a while Mahlon and Chilion die likewise, and Naomi is left alone with her two daughters-in-law. She resolves upon returning to Bethlehem, but bids her daughtersin-law remain in their own country. Orpah accepts her motherin-law's offer; Ruth expresses her determination to accompany Naomi back (c. 1). C. 2-4 narrate how it happened that after their return to Bethlehem, Ruth made the acquaintance of her kinsman Boaz, and how in the end he took her as his wife. The offspring of their union was Obed, father of Jesse, and grandfather of David. The narrative is told with much picturesque and graceful detail, and affords an idyllic glimpse of home life in ancient Israel.

S.R. Driver An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament 1906

Timeline

This timeline includes all thirteen books that would come to be known as the Ketuvim (the Writings).

Monarchic (pre-586 BC) Exilic (586-538 BC) Persian (538-332 BC) Hellenistic (332-63 BC)
800 600 400 200 BC
United Monarchy (David & Solomon)c. 1010-930 BC Destruction of Jerusalem & First Temple587/586 BC Conquests of Alexander the Great334-323 BC

Chapters

1 2 3 4

Outline

  1. Bereavement and Ruth's loyalty 1:1-22
  2. Ruth gleans in the field of Boaz 2:1-23
  3. The night at the threshing floor 3:1-18
  4. Redemption and the line of David 4:1-22

Manuscript witnesses

Major codices

Aleppo Codex — c. 930 AD
The model Masoretic codex, prepared by the Ben Asher scribes; much of its Torah is now lost.
Leningrad Codex (B19A) — 1008 AD
The oldest complete Masoretic Hebrew Bible and the base text of modern critical editions.

Other witnesses

Dead Sea Scrolls (Qumran) — c. 250 BC - 68 AD
The Qumran biblical manuscripts, the oldest Hebrew and Aramaic witnesses by roughly a millennium.

Sources

  1. a Coogan, Michael D. The Old Testament: A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2018.
  2. b Driver, S.R. An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament. New York Scribner's Sons, 1906.