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Numbers

First Testament

Second Testament

Numbers
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Excerpt

Numbers is the name given in the LXX to the fourth book of the Pentateuch, and is due to the prominent place occupied in it by the details of a twofold census of the Israelite people. But the contents of the book are very varied, and embrace, amongst other matters, laws and regulations attributed to Moses, an account of the forty years' wanderings in the wilderness, and a description of the settlement of part of the people on the East of Jordan; so that some adaptation of the usual Hebrew title Bemidbar. 'In the wilderness (of Sinai),' taken from an expression used in 1:1, would be more appropriate.

The period of time included extends from the first day of the second month in the second year after the Exodus (1:1) to an undefined date between the first day of the fifth month and the first day of the eleventh month in the fortieth year (33:38. Deuteronomy 1:3). But of the greater part of this period scarcely anything is recorded, the principal events related being confined within nineteen days (1:1 compared with 10:11) at the beginning of it; and six months (33:38 compared with Deuteronomy 1:3) at the end. The scene of the history is partly the wilderness of Sinai, partly the wilderness of Paran (North of Sinai, but West of the Arabah), and partly the plains (or steppes) of Moab (lying East of the Arabah, the Dead Sea, and the Jordan).

G.W. Wade Peake's Commentary on the Bible 1920

Timeline

The Torah is presented here with the first six books of the Nevi'im. Together they constitute the earliest history of the Abrahamic faith and it peoples.

Monarchic (pre-586 BC) Exilic (586-538 BC) Persian (538-332 BC)
1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 BC
Solomon's Temple builtc. 960 BC Destruction of Jerusalem & First Temple587/586 BC Second Temple completed515 BC

Chapters

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Outline

  1. First census and ordering of the camp 1:1-10:10
  2. From Sinai to Kadesh; rebellions 10:11-20:13
  3. Journey toward Moab 20:14-25:18
  4. Second census and laws for the land 26:1-36:13

Manuscript witnesses

Major codices

Codex Vaticanus — c. 300–325 AD
One of the oldest near-complete Bibles in Greek, held in the Vatican Library.
Leningrad Codex (B19A) — 1008 AD
The oldest complete Masoretic Hebrew Bible and the base text of modern critical editions.

Other witnesses

Dead Sea Scrolls (Qumran) — c. 250 BC - 68 AD
The Qumran biblical manuscripts, the oldest Hebrew and Aramaic witnesses by roughly a millennium.
Samaritan Pentateuch — tradition; oldest mss c. 12th c. AD
The Samaritan community's distinct Hebrew Torah, differing from the Masoretic Text in thousands of readings.

Sources

  1. a Coogan, Michael D. The Old Testament: A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2018.
  2. b Wade, G.W. Peake's Commentary on the Bible. London T.C & E.C. Jack, 1920.